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版本：3.0 Beta 🧪

MidiPacket

概述​

MidiPacket 类封装了 MIDI 消息，包括其端口、状态和数据。它提供用于创建、分析和操作 MIDI 消息的实用方法，用于输入和输出操作。

Python MidiPacket 类实现位于 Applications/Python/PikaPython/MatrixOS_MidiPacket.py，类型提示位于 Applications/Python/PikaPython/_MatrixOS_MidiPacket.pyi。

Constructor​

MidiPacket(*val)​

def __init__(self, *val) -> None

Creates a MIDI packet with variable arguments depending on the message type.

Parameters:

  • *val: Variable arguments for constructing different types of MIDI messages

Static Factory Methods​

Note Messages​

NoteOn​

def NoteOn(self, channel: int, note: int, velocity: int = 127) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI Note On message.

Parameters:

  • channel (int): MIDI channel (0-15)
  • note (int): MIDI note number (0-127)
  • velocity (int, optional): Note velocity (0-127, defaults to 127)

Returns:

  • MidiPacket: Note On packet

Example:

# Play middle C on channel 1 with medium velocity
packet = MidiPacket()
note_on = packet.NoteOn(0, 60, 64)
MatrixOS.MIDI.Send(note_on)

NoteOff​

def NoteOff(self, channel: int, note: int, velocity: int = 0) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI Note Off message.

Parameters:

  • channel (int): MIDI channel (0-15)
  • note (int): MIDI note number (0-127)
  • velocity (int, optional): Release velocity (0-127, defaults to 0)

Example:

# Stop middle C on channel 1
packet = MidiPacket()
note_off = packet.NoteOff(0, 60, 0)
MatrixOS.MIDI.Send(note_off)

Control Messages​

ControlChange​

def ControlChange(self, channel: int, controller: int, value: int) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI Control Change message.

Parameters:

  • channel (int): MIDI channel (0-15)
  • controller (int): Controller number (0-127)
  • value (int): Controller value (0-127)

Example:

# Set volume (CC 7) to maximum on channel 1
packet = MidiPacket()
volume_cc = packet.ControlChange(0, 7, 127)
MatrixOS.MIDI.Send(volume_cc)

ProgramChange​

def ProgramChange(self, channel: int, program: int) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI Program Change message.

Parameters:

  • channel (int): MIDI channel (0-15)
  • program (int): Program number (0-127)

Example:

# Change to program 1 (piano) on channel 1
packet = MidiPacket()
program_change = packet.ProgramChange(0, 0)
MatrixOS.MIDI.Send(program_change)

PitchBend​

def PitchBend(self, channel: int, value: int) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI Pitch Bend message.

Parameters:

  • channel (int): MIDI channel (0-15)
  • value (int): Pitch bend value (0-16383, 8192 = center)

Example:

# Bend pitch up on channel 1
packet = MidiPacket()
pitch_bend = packet.PitchBend(0, 10000)
MatrixOS.MIDI.Send(pitch_bend)

Pressure Messages​

AfterTouch​

def AfterTouch(self, channel: int, note: int, pressure: int) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch) message.

Parameters:

  • channel (int): MIDI channel (0-15)
  • note (int): MIDI note number (0-127)
  • pressure (int): Pressure value (0-127)

ChannelPressure​

def ChannelPressure(self, channel: int, pressure: int) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI Channel Pressure message.

Parameters:

  • channel (int): MIDI channel (0-15)
  • pressure (int): Pressure value (0-127)

System Real-Time Messages​

Clock​

def Clock(self) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI Clock message for tempo synchronization.

Start​

def Start(self) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI Start message to begin sequencer playback.

Continue​

def Continue(self) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI Continue message to resume sequencer playback.

Stop​

def Stop(self) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI Stop message to halt sequencer playback.

ActiveSense​

def ActiveSense(self) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI Active Sensing message.

Reset​

def Reset(self) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI System Reset message.

System Common Messages​

SongPosition​

def SongPosition(self, position: int) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI Song Position Pointer message.

Parameters:

  • position (int): Song position in MIDI beats

SongSelect​

def SongSelect(self, song: int) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI Song Select message.

Parameters:

  • song (int): Song number (0-127)

TuneRequest​

def TuneRequest(self) -> MidiPacket

Creates a MIDI Tune Request message.

Getter Methods​

Port​

def Port(self) -> MidiPortID

Gets the MIDI port identifier for this packet.

Returns:

  • MidiPortID: The port identifier

Status​

def Status(self) -> MidiStatus

Gets the MIDI status/message type.

Returns:

  • MidiStatus: The message status type

Channel​

def Channel(self) -> int

Gets the MIDI channel number.

Returns:

  • int: Channel number (0-15)

Note​

def Note(self) -> int

Gets the MIDI note number or controller number.

Returns:

  • int: Note/controller value (0-127)

Controller​

def Controller(self) -> int

Gets the MIDI controller number (alias for Note()).

Returns:

  • int: Controller number (0-127)

Velocity​

def Velocity(self) -> int

Gets the velocity or pressure value.

Returns:

  • int: Velocity/pressure value (0-127)

Value​

def Value(self) -> int

Gets the value associated with the MIDI message (e.g., pitch bend, control change value).

Returns:

  • int: The message value

Setter Methods​

SetStatus​

def SetStatus(self, status: MidiStatus) -> None

Sets the MIDI status/message type.

SetChannel​

def SetChannel(self, channel: int) -> None

Sets the MIDI channel number.

SetNote​

def SetNote(self, note: int) -> None

Sets the MIDI note or controller number.

SetController​

def SetController(self, controller: int) -> None

Sets the MIDI controller number.

SetVelocity​

def SetVelocity(self, velocity: int) -> None

Sets the velocity or pressure value.

SetValue​

def SetValue(self, value: int) -> None

Sets the message value.

Helper Methods​

Length​

def Length(self) -> int

Gets the length of the MIDI message based on its status.

Returns:

  • int: Message length in bytes

SysEx​

def SysEx(self) -> bool

Checks if the message is a System Exclusive (SysEx) message.

Returns:

  • bool: True if SysEx message

SysExStart​

def SysExStart(self) -> bool

Checks if the message is the start of a SysEx message.

Returns:

  • bool: True if SysEx start message

Usage Examples​

Basic Note Playing​

def play_scale():
    """Play a C major scale"""

    notes = [60, 62, 64, 65, 67, 69, 71, 72]  # C major scale
    channel = 0

    for note in notes:
        # Play note
        packet = MidiPacket()
        note_on = packet.NoteOn(channel, note, 64)
        MatrixOS.MIDI.Send(note_on)

        # Wait
        MatrixOS.SYS.DelayMs(500)

        # Stop note
        note_off_packet = MidiPacket()
        note_off = note_off_packet.NoteOff(channel, note, 0)
        MatrixOS.MIDI.Send(note_off)

        MatrixOS.SYS.DelayMs(100)

play_scale()

MIDI Controller​

def midi_controller():
    """Create a MIDI controller using the key grid"""

    # Define scale and channel
    scale = [60, 62, 64, 65, 67, 69, 71, 72]  # C major
    channel = 0
    active_notes = {}

    print("MIDI Controller Active")
    print("Press keys to play notes")

    while True:
        key_event = MatrixOS.KeyPad.Get(50)

        if key_event is not None:
            key_id = key_event.ID()
            key_info = key_event.KeyInfo()
            xy = MatrixOS.KeyPad.ID2XY(key_id)

            if key_info.Active() and key_id not in active_notes:
                # Map key to note
                if key_id < len(scale):
                    note = scale[key_id]
                    velocity = int(key_info.Velocity() * 127)

                    # Send Note On
                    packet = MidiPacket()
                    note_on = packet.NoteOn(channel, note, velocity)
                    MatrixOS.MIDI.Send(note_on)

                    # Track active note
                    active_notes[key_id] = note

                    # Light up key
                    MatrixOS.LED.SetColor(xy, Color(0, 255, 0))

                    print(f"Note On: {note}, Velocity: {velocity}")

            elif not key_info.Active() and key_id in active_notes:
                # Send Note Off
                note = active_notes[key_id]
                packet = MidiPacket()
                note_off = packet.NoteOff(channel, note, 0)
                MatrixOS.MIDI.Send(note_off)

                # Remove from active notes
                del active_notes[key_id]

                # Turn off LED
                MatrixOS.LED.SetColor(xy, Color(0, 0, 0))

                print(f"Note Off: {note}")

            MatrixOS.LED.Update()

midi_controller()

Control Change Interface​

def cc_controller():
    """Create a Control Change interface"""

    channel = 0
    controllers = {
        0: 7,   # Volume
        1: 10,  # Pan
        2: 71,  # Resonance
        3: 74,  # Cutoff
        8: 91,  # Reverb
        9: 93,  # Chorus
    }

    current_values = {cc: 64 for cc in controllers.values()}  # Initialize to middle

    def update_display():
        """Update LED display based on controller values"""
        for key_id, cc_num in controllers.items():
            value = current_values[cc_num]
            xy = MatrixOS.KeyPad.ID2XY(key_id)

            # Map value to color intensity
            intensity = int((value / 127.0) * 255)
            MatrixOS.LED.SetColor(xy, Color(255, 0, 0))

        MatrixOS.LED.Update()

    print("Control Change Interface")
    print("Keys 0,1,2,3,8,9 control different CCs")

    update_display()

    while True:
        key_event = MatrixOS.KeyPad.Get(100)

        if key_event is not None:
            key_id = key_event.ID()
            key_info = key_event.KeyInfo()

            if key_info.Active() and key_id in controllers:
                cc_num = controllers[key_id]
                velocity = key_info.Velocity()

                # Map velocity to CC value
                cc_value = int(velocity * 127)
                current_values[cc_num] = cc_value

                # Send Control Change
                packet = MidiPacket()
                cc_msg = packet.ControlChange(channel, cc_num, cc_value)
                MatrixOS.MIDI.Send(cc_msg)

                print(f"CC {cc_num}: {cc_value}")

                update_display()

cc_controller()

MIDI Sequencer​

def simple_sequencer():
    """Simple 8-step MIDI sequencer"""

    channel = 0
    sequence = [60, 62, 64, 65, 67, 69, 71, 72]  # C major scale
    current_step = 0
    playing = False
    bpm = 120
    step_time = int(60000 / (bpm * 4))  # 16th notes

    def update_display():
        """Update sequencer display"""
        for i in range(8):
            xy = MatrixOS.KeyPad.ID2XY(i)
            if i == current_step and playing:
                MatrixOS.LED.SetColor(xy, Color(255, 255, 255))  # Current step
            elif sequence[i] > 0:
                MatrixOS.LED.SetColor(xy, Color(0, 255, 0))    # Active step
            else:
                MatrixOS.LED.SetColor(xy, Color(100, 0, 0))    # Inactive step

        # Play/stop button
        play_xy = MatrixOS.KeyPad.ID2XY(56)  # Bottom-right corner
        color = Color(0, 255, 0) if playing else Color(255, 0, 0)
        MatrixOS.LED.SetColor(play_xy, color)

        MatrixOS.LED.Update()

    last_step_time = MatrixOS.SYS.Millis()
    active_note = None

    print("MIDI Sequencer")
    print("Keys 0-7: Edit sequence")
    print("Key 56: Play/Stop")

    update_display()

    while True:
        current_time = MatrixOS.SYS.Millis()

        # Handle sequencer timing
        if playing and (current_time - last_step_time) >= step_time:
            # Stop previous note
            if active_note is not None:
                packet = MidiPacket()
                note_off = packet.NoteOff(channel, active_note, 0)
                MatrixOS.MIDI.Send(note_off)

            # Play current step if active
            if sequence[current_step] > 0:
                packet = MidiPacket()
                note_on = packet.NoteOn(channel, sequence[current_step], 64)
                MatrixOS.MIDI.Send(note_on)
                active_note = sequence[current_step]
            else:
                active_note = None

            # Advance step
            current_step = (current_step + 1) % 8
            last_step_time = current_time
            update_display()

        # Handle key input
        key_event = MatrixOS.KeyPad.Get(10)
        if key_event is not None:
            key_id = key_event.ID()
            key_info = key_event.KeyInfo()

            if key_info.Active():
                if key_id < 8:
                    # Edit sequence step
                    if sequence[key_id] > 0:
                        sequence[key_id] = 0  # Turn off
                    else:
                        sequence[key_id] = 60 + key_id  # Turn on with note
                    update_display()

                elif key_id == 56:
                    # Toggle play/stop
                    playing = not playing
                    if not playing and active_note is not None:
                        # Stop current note
                        packet = MidiPacket()
                        note_off = packet.NoteOff(channel, active_note, 0)
                        MatrixOS.MIDI.Send(note_off)
                        active_note = None
                    print("Sequencer:", "Playing" if playing else "Stopped")
                    update_display()

simple_sequencer()

MIDI Message Analysis​

def midi_monitor():
    """Monitor and analyze incoming MIDI messages"""

    def analyze_packet(packet):
        """Analyze MIDI packet and print details"""
        status = packet.Status()
        channel = packet.Channel()

        print(f"MIDI Message - Status: {status}, Channel: {channel}")

        # Analyze based on message type
        if status == MidiStatus.NoteOn:
            note = packet.Note()
            velocity = packet.Velocity()
            print(f"  Note On: Note {note}, Velocity {velocity}")

        elif status == MidiStatus.NoteOff:
            note = packet.Note()
            velocity = packet.Velocity()
            print(f"  Note Off: Note {note}, Velocity {velocity}")

        elif status == MidiStatus.ControlChange:
            controller = packet.Controller()
            value = packet.Value()
            print(f"  Control Change: CC {controller}, Value {value}")

        elif status == MidiStatus.ProgramChange:
            program = packet.Note()
            print(f"  Program Change: Program {program}")

        elif status == MidiStatus.PitchChange:
            value = packet.Value()
            print(f"  Pitch Bend: Value {value}")

        print(f"  Port: {packet.Port()}")
        print(f"  Length: {packet.Length()}")
        print(f"  SysEx: {packet.SysEx()}")
        print("---")

    print("MIDI Monitor - analyzing incoming messages...")

    while True:
        # This would typically receive MIDI messages
        # For demonstration, create some test messages
        packet1 = MidiPacket()
        packet2 = MidiPacket()
        packet3 = MidiPacket()
        test_messages = [
            packet1.NoteOn(0, 60, 64),
            packet2.ControlChange(0, 7, 100),
            packet3.NoteOff(0, 60, 0),
        ]

        for packet in test_messages:
            analyze_packet(packet)

        MatrixOS.SYS.DelayMs(2000)

midi_monitor()

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